8
Identify the word pair that has a relationship similar to GRAIN:SALT.
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Solution: Step 1: Analyze the relationship between GRAIN and SALT. A GRAIN is a small, individual particle or piece of SALT. The relationship is 'small unit/fragment:substance'.
Step 2: Evaluate the options:
* shard:pottery: A shard is a broken piece of pottery. This fits the 'fragment:substance' relationship.
* shred:wood: A shred is a torn, thin piece of wood. This also fits.
* blades:grass: Blades are the leaves of grass, not individual particles or fragments of a larger mass of grass.
* chip:glass: A CHIP is a small piece broken off from GLASS. This strongly matches the 'small unit/fragment:substance' relationship.
Step 3: Comparing 'shard:pottery', 'shred:wood', and 'chip:glass', 'chip:glass' is the most direct parallel in terms of a small, distinct piece forming part of a larger, solid substance, just as a 'grain' is to 'salt'. While shard and shred are similar, 'chip' often implies a more defined, smaller break from a hard material, much like a grain from salt.
Step 4: The pair 'chip:glass' best matches the relationship.
11
Determine the missing letter sequence in the analogy: LKJ is to pon as what is to hgf?
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Solution: Step 1: Analyze the relationship between LKJ and pon.
The letters in LKJ (L, K, J) are consecutive and decreasing in alphabetical order.
The letters in pon (p, o, n) are also consecutive and decreasing in alphabetical order.
Step 2: Find the shift between corresponding letters (L=12, K=11, J=10 and p=16, o=15, n=14):
L (12) -> p (16) : +4
K (11) -> o (15) : +4
J (10) -> n (14) : +4
The pattern is a consistent shift of +4 for each letter.
Step 3: We are given the second part of the analogy, hgf, and need to find the first part. The original sequence must also consist of consecutive, decreasing letters.
Step 4: To reverse the +4 shift, we subtract 4 from each letter in hgf:
h (8) -> h - 4 = d (4)
g (7) -> g - 4 = c (3)
f (6) -> f - 4 = b (2)
Step 5: The resulting sequence is 'dcb'. Considering the options, 'DCB' is the correct match (case insensitive in this context).
19
Find the relationship between the first two words and apply it to the second pair. CODE: ENCRYPT :: APPLIANCE:
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Solution: Step 1: Analyze the given pair PROGRAM: QTRKWGT
Step 2: Determine the pattern: P–Q +1, R–T +2, O–R +3, G–K +4, R–W +5, A–G +6, M–T +7
Step 3: Apply the pattern to APPLIANCE
Step 4: A–B +1, P–R +2, P–S +3, L–N +4, I–M +5, A–F +6, N–T +7, C–E +8, E–G +9
Step 5: The encoded word for APPLIANCE is BRSPNGUKN