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Verbal Ability
Grammar
Narration
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1
Convert the indirect speech sentence "Dhruv said that he was sick and tired of working for that company" into direct speech.
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Dhruv said, "I am sick and tired of working for this company."
Dhruv said, "He was tired of that company."
Dhruv said to me, "I am sick and tired of working for this company."
Dhruv said, "I will be tired of working for that company."
Solution:
Step 1: Identify the reporting verb 'Dhruv said'. Step 2: Remove the conjunction 'that'. Step 3: Convert the pronoun 'he' back to 'I' (referring to Dhruv as the speaker). Step 4: Shift the simple past tense 'was' back to its original simple present tense 'am'. Step 5: Convert the demonstrative adjective 'that' back to 'this'. Step 6: Enclose the direct statement in inverted commas. Step 7: The correct direct speech transformation is "Dhruv said, 'I am sick and tired of working for this company.'"
2
Change the direct speech into indirect speech: "He said to his father, 'Please increase my pocket-money.'"
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He told his father, "Please increase the pocket-money"
He pleaded his father to please increase my pocket money.
He requested his father to increase his pocket-money.
He asked his father to increase his pocket-money.
Solution:
Step 1: Identify the reporting verb 'said to his father' and the polite request 'Please increase'. This implies the reporting verb 'requested'. Step 2: Replace the direct request 'Please increase' with the infinitive 'to increase' in indirect speech. Step 3: Convert the possessive pronoun 'my' to 'his' (referring to the speaker, 'He'). Step 4: Combine these changes: "He requested his father to increase his pocket-money."
3
A person expressed a wish, saying, "I hope you succeed!"
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He said to her that she might succeed.
He told her that she might succeed.
He prayed to god that she may succeed.
He wished her success.
Solution:
To convert direct speech to indirect speech, we consider the nature of the sentence. The original sentence "May you succeed!" is a wish. When converting wishes into indirect speech, we typically use the verb 'wish' and change the sentence structure accordingly. The correct conversion is: He wished her success. This option directly captures the essence of wishing someone success without altering the intent.
4
Convert the direct speech "My cousin said, 'My room-mate had snored throughout the night.'" into indirect speech.
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my cousin said that her room-mate snored throughout the night.
my cousin told me that her room-mate snored throughout the night.
my cousin complained to me that her room-mate is snoring throughout the night.
my cousin felt that her room-mate may be snoring throughout the night.
Solution:
Step 1: Identify the sentence type. It is an assertive sentence. Step 2: Change the reporting verb. 'Said' can remain 'said' or change to 'told' if an object is present. Here, it remains 'said'. Step 3: Use 'that' as the conjunction. Step 4: Adjust pronouns. 'My' (referring to the cousin) changes to 'her'. Step 5: Adjust the verb tense. 'had snored' (past perfect) in direct speech typically remains 'had snored' in indirect speech. However, in some contexts, or for stylistic reasons, it might be simplified to simple past 'snored' if the sequence of events is clear or if it is generally understood to be a completed past action, as shown in the correct option. Following the provided correct answer, 'had snored' becomes 'snored'. Step 6: Combine the parts. The indirect speech becomes: My cousin said that her room-mate snored throughout the night.
5
Transform the indirect speech "Nita ordered her servant to bring her cup of tea" into direct speech.
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Nita told her servant, "Bring a cup of tea."
Nita said, "Bring me a cup of tea."
Nita said to her servant, "Bring me a cup of tea."
Nita told her servant, "Bring her that cup of tea."
Solution:
Step 1: Identify the sentence type. 'Ordered... to bring' indicates an imperative sentence in direct speech. Step 2: Reverse the reporting verb. 'Ordered' can be replaced by 'said to' when reverting to direct speech. Step 3: Reverse the infinitive structure. 'to bring her cup of tea' becomes a direct command 'Bring me a cup of tea'. Step 4: Adjust pronouns. 'her' (referring to Nita) in indirect speech changes back to 'me' in direct speech. Step 5: Enclose the direct command in quotation marks. Step 6: Combine the parts. The direct speech becomes: Nita said to her servant, "Bring me a cup of tea."
6
Identify the part of the sentence that contains a grammatical error: "She reluctantly said that if nobody else was doing it she will do it."
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She reluctantly said that
if nobody else was doing it
she will do it.
No error.
Solution:
Step 1: Analyze the given sentence: "She reluctantly said that if nobody else was doing it she will do it." Step 2: Identify that this is a reported speech sentence, indicated by the reporting verb "said" (past tense). Step 3: Recall the rules for tense backshift in reported speech: When the reporting verb is in the past tense, the tenses in the reported clause typically shift one step back into the past. Step 4: In the original direct speech, the statement would likely have been something like: "If nobody else is doing it, I will do it." Step 5: When reporting this, the present continuous "is doing" correctly shifts to the past continuous "was doing". Similarly, the future simple "will do" should shift to the conditional simple "would do". Step 6: The phrase "she will do it" incorrectly uses the future tense without backshift. Step 7: Correct "she will do it" to "she would do it". Step 8: Therefore, the error is in the part "she will do it.".
7
Convert the sentence into reported speech: “They will be there for sure”, she stated.
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She said that we would be there for sure
She said that they will be here for sure
She said that we will be here for sure
She said that they would be there for sure
Solution:
Step 1: Identify the original sentence in direct speech: “They will be there for sure”, she stated. Step 2: Change the pronouns and verb tenses according to reported speech rules. Step 3: The pronoun "they" remains the same as it refers to a general group, not the speaker. Step 4: The verb "will" changes to "would" in reported speech. Step 5: The correct reported speech is: She said that they would be there for sure. Step 6: Compare with given options to select the correct answer.
8
Identify the part of the sentence containing a grammatical error.
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Everyone visiting the house asked the young girl
how could she kill the wolf
single handed and without a weapon.
No error.
Solution:
Step 1: Examine the clause 'how could she kill the wolf'. Step 2: This clause is part of an indirect question (reported speech), following the reporting verb 'asked'. Step 3: In an indirect question, the word order changes from the direct question's inverted form (verb + subject) to a declarative form (subject + verb). Step 4: The correct word order for an indirect question is 'subject + auxiliary verb + main verb'. So, 'how she could kill the wolf' is correct. Step 5: The original phrase 'how could she kill the wolf' incorrectly maintains the word order of a direct question. Step 6: Therefore, the error is in the phrase 'how could she kill the wolf'.
9
Transform the direct speech "'Please don't go away', she said" into indirect speech.
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She said to please her and not go away.
She told me to go away.
She begged me not to go away.
She begged that I not go away.
Solution:
Step 1: Identify the sentence type and intent. The sentence is an imperative sentence expressing a request/plea, indicated by 'Please' and 'don't go away'. Step 2: Change the reporting verb. 'Said' should be replaced by a verb that conveys the plea, such as 'begged' or 'requested'. Step 3: Handle the negative imperative. For 'don't go away', use 'not to' followed by the infinitive: 'not to go away'. Step 4: Identify the implied object. The plea is directed at 'me' (the implicit listener). Step 5: Combine the parts. The indirect speech becomes: She begged me not to go away.
10
What is the direct form of the sentence: He inquired of his friend if she believed it was excessive to consume more than three sweets simultaneously?
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Krishna said to her mother, Did she think it was greedy to eat more than two chocolates at a time?
Krishna said to her mother, Did she think it is greedy to eat more than two chocolates at a time?
Krishna asked her mother, Do you think it was greedy to eat more than two chocolates at a time?
Krishna asked her mother, Do you think it is greedy to eat more than two chocolates at a time?
Solution:
Step 1: Identify the original sentence and its components. Step 2: The original sentence is in the indirect form: "Krishna asked her mother if she thought it was greedy to eat more than two chocolates at a time." Step 3: Convert to direct form by changing the verb and pronouns appropriately. Step 4: Direct form requires first-person or second-person pronouns and present tense verbs for direct address. Step 5: The correct direct form is: "Krishna asked her mother, Do you think it is greedy to eat more than two chocolates at a time?" Step 6: This conversion maintains the original meaning while adjusting for direct speech.
11
Convert the direct speech "The little girl said to her mother, 'Did the sun rise in the East?'" into indirect speech.
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The little girl said to her mother that the sun rose in the East.
The little girl asked her mother if the sun rose in the East.
The little girl said to her mother if the sun rises in the East.
The little girl asked her mother if the sun is in the East.
Solution:
Step 1: Identify the sentence type. The sentence is an interrogative (Yes/No) question. Step 2: Change the reporting verb. 'Said to' changes to 'asked'. Step 3: Use a conjunction. For yes/no questions, use 'if' or 'whether'. Step 4: Convert the question to an assertive statement. 'Did the sun rise in the East?' becomes 'if the sun rose in the East'. Step 5: Adjust the tense. Although 'The sun rises in the East' is a universal truth (where tense typically doesn't change), the original question is in the simple past ('Did...rise'). In this case, the simple past tense 'rose' is retained to describe the action asked about, rather than converting to past perfect. This is a common nuance for questions about established facts in the past. Step 6: Combine the parts. The indirect speech becomes: The little girl asked her mother if the sun rose in the East.
12
Convert the given indirect speech sentence "I told him that he was not working hard" into direct speech.
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I said to him, "You are not working hard."
I told to him, "You are not working hard."
I said, "You are not working hard."
I said to him, "He is not working hard."
Solution:
Step 1: Identify the reporting verb 'I told him'. In direct speech, this becomes 'I said to him'. Step 2: Remove the conjunction 'that'. Step 3: Convert the pronoun 'he' back to 'You' (as the statement was made directly to him). Step 4: Shift the past continuous tense 'was not working' back to its original present continuous tense 'are not working'. Step 5: Enclose the direct statement in inverted commas. Step 6: The correct direct speech transformation is "I said to him, 'You are not working hard.'"
13
Convert the indirect speech sentence "His father ordered him to go to his room and study" into direct speech.
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His father said, "Go to your room and study."
His father said to him, "Go and study in your room."
His father shouted, "Go right now to your study room"
His father said firmly, "Go and study in your room."
Solution:
Step 1: Identify the reporting verb 'ordered him'. This indicates a command in direct speech. Step 2: The indirect speech uses an infinitive phrase 'to go to his room and study'. Convert this back to an imperative verb phrase 'Go to your room and study'. Step 3: Shift the possessive pronoun 'his' (referring to the boy) back to 'your' for direct address. Step 4: Enclose the command in inverted commas. Step 5: The reporting verb can be simplified to 'said' for direct speech if 'ordered' is not strictly necessary. Step 6: The correct direct speech transformation is "His father said, 'Go to your room and study.'"
14
Identify the part of the sentence that contains a grammatical error: "My friend asked me if I can lend him my Parker pen for a few days."
0:00
My friend asked me
if I can lend him my Parker pen
for a few days.
No error.
Solution:
Step 1: Analyze the given sentence: "My friend asked me if I can lend him my Parker pen for a few days." Step 2: Identify that this is an indirect question (a form of reported speech), indicated by the reporting verb "asked" (past tense). Step 3: Recall the rules for tense backshift and modal verb changes in reported speech: When the reporting verb is in the past tense, modal verbs in the reported clause generally shift to their past forms. Step 4: The modal verb 'can' in direct speech (e.g., "Can you lend me...?") must change to its past form 'could' in reported speech. Step 5: The phrase "if I can lend him my Parker pen" incorrectly uses 'can' instead of 'could'. Step 6: Correct "if I can lend him my Parker pen" to "if I could lend him my Parker pen". Step 7: Therefore, the error is in the part "if I can lend him my Parker pen".
15
Convert the direct speech "She said to him, 'Why don't you go today?'" into indirect speech.
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She asked him why he did not go that day.
She said to him why he don't go that day.
She asked him not to go that day.
She asked him why he did not go today.
Solution:
Step 1: Identify the sentence type. The sentence is an interrogative sentence beginning with 'Why'. Step 2: Change the reporting verb. 'Said to' changes to 'asked'. Step 3: Use the 'Wh' word as the conjunction. 'Why' serves as the conjunction. Step 4: Convert the question to an assertive statement. 'Why don't you go today?' becomes 'why he did not go that day'. Step 5: Adjust pronouns and tense. 'you' changes to 'he'. 'don't go' (present simple negative) changes to 'did not go' (past simple negative). Step 6: Adjust time adverb. 'today' changes to 'that day'. Step 7: Combine the parts. The indirect speech becomes: She asked him why he did not go that day.
16
Transform the direct speech, "Are you alone, my son?" asked a soft voice close behind me, into indirect speech.
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A soft voice asked that what I was doing there alone.
A soft voice said to me are you alone son.
A soft voice from my back asked If I was alone.
A soft voice behind me asked If I was alone.
Solution:
Step 1: Identify the sentence type. The sentence is an interrogative sentence (a yes/no question). Step 2: Change the reporting verb. The reporting verb 'asked' is already appropriate. Step 3: Use a conjunction. For yes/no questions, use 'if' or 'whether'. Step 4: Convert the question to an assertive statement. 'Are you alone' becomes 'I was alone'. Step 5: Adjust pronouns and tense. 'you' changes to 'I' (referring to the speaker), and 'are' (present tense) changes to 'was' (past tense). Step 6: Combine the parts. The phrase 'close behind me' remains as it describes the manner of speaking. Step 7: The indirect speech becomes: A soft voice behind me asked if I was alone.
17
Change the direct speech "The boy said, 'Who dare call you a thief?'" into indirect speech.
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The boy enquired who dared call him a thief.
The boy asked who called him a thief.
The boy told that who dared call him a thief.
The boy wondered who dared call a thief.
Solution:
Step 1: Identify the reporting verb 'said' and the interrogative nature of the direct speech. 'Enquired' or 'asked' is appropriate. Step 2: For 'Who' questions, 'who' itself acts as the conjunction. No 'that' is used. Step 3: Convert the simple present tense verb 'dare' to its simple past form 'dared', following the sequence of tenses. Step 4: Convert the pronoun 'you' to 'him' (referring to the person being addressed by the boy). Step 5: The sentence structure becomes affirmative in indirect speech. Step 6: The correct indirect speech transformation is "The boy enquired who dared call him a thief."
18
A friend asked me to lend him a certain amount of money the next day.
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My friend Vishal said to me, ‘Please lend me Rs. 2000 the next day.’
My friend Vishal said to me, ‘Please lend him Rs. 2000 tomorrow.’
My friend Vishal requested, ‘Lend her Rs. 2000 tomorrow.’
My friend Vishal said to me, ‘Please lend me Rs. 2000 tomorrow.’
Solution:
The correct reported speech is: 'My friend said to me, ‘Please lend me Rs. 2000 tomorrow.’ This is because when reporting a request, we typically use the verb 'said' followed by 'please' and then the request in the first person. The word 'tomorrow' remains unchanged as it indicates a specific time relative to the speaker.
19
Change the given direct speech into indirect speech: "If you don't keep quiet I shall shoot you", he said to her in a calm voice.
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He warned her to shoot if she didn't keep quiet calmly.
He said calmly that I shall shoot you if you don't be quiet.
He warned her calmly that he would shoot her if she didn't keep quiet.
Calmly he warned her that be quiet or else he will have to shoot her.
Solution:
Step 1: Identify the reporting verb and adverbial phrase: 'he said to her in a calm voice'. This suggests a 'warning' given 'calmly'. Step 2: Replace 'said to her' with 'warned her' and include 'calmly'. Step 3: Connect the reported speech using 'that'. Step 4: Convert the conditional clause 'If you don't keep quiet': Change pronoun 'you' to 'she'. Shift tense 'don't keep' (simple present) to 'didn't keep' (simple past). Step 5: Convert the main clause 'I shall shoot you': Change pronoun 'I' to 'he'. Shift 'shall shoot' (simple future) to 'would shoot'. Change pronoun 'you' to 'her'. Step 6: Combine these changes: "He warned her calmly that he would shoot her if she didn't keep quiet."
20
Convert the direct speech "She said to her friend, 'I know where is everyone'" into indirect speech.
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She told that she knew where was everyone.
She told her friend that she knew where was everyone.
She told her friend that she knew where is everyone.
She told her friend that she knows where was everyone.
Solution:
Step 1: Identify the sentence type. It is an assertive sentence containing an embedded question ('where is everyone'). Step 2: Change the reporting verb. 'Said to' changes to 'told' because an object ('her friend') is present. Step 3: Use 'that' as the conjunction for the main clause. Step 4: Adjust pronouns. 'I' changes to 'she'. Step 5: Adjust the tense of the main verb. 'know' (present simple) changes to 'knew' (past simple). Step 6: Handle the embedded question. The embedded question 'where is everyone' needs to be converted to an assertive clause in past tense. 'is everyone' changes to 'was everyone', with the verb 'was' coming after the subject 'everyone'. Step 7: Combine the parts. The indirect speech becomes: She told her friend that she knew where was everyone.
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